Git / GitHub Commands

Git Bash (CLI / Git Client) gets installed. Open it and run git commands.

# YOUR GIT VERSION.
$ git --version
git version 2.39.2.windows.1

# CHECKING YOUR USERNAME.
$ git config --global user.name anupjani
$ git config --global user.email anupjani@gmail.com

# SETTING YOUR EMAIL FOR GIT WORKS.
$ git config --global user.email
anupjani@janisoftwares

# YOU CAN ALSO EDIT THE CONFIG.
$ git config --global --edit

COMMON GIT COMMANDS

# COMMON GIT COMMANDS
$ git --help
usage: git [-v | --version] [-h | --help] [-C <path>] [-c <name>=<value>]
           [--exec-path[=<path>]] [--html-path] [--man-path] [--info-path]
           [-p | --paginate | -P | --no-pager] [--no-replace-objects] [--bare]
           [--git-dir=<path>] [--work-tree=<path>] [--namespace=<name>]
           [--super-prefix=<path>] [--config-env=<name>=<envvar>]
           <command> [<args>]

These are common Git commands used in various situations:

start a working area (see also: git help tutorial)
   clone     Clone a repository into a new directory
   init      Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one

work on the current change (see also: git help everyday)
   add       Add file contents to the index
   mv        Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink
   restore   Restore working tree files
   rm        Remove files from the working tree and from the index

examine the history and state (see also: git help revisions)
   bisect    Use binary search to find the commit that introduced a bug
   diff      Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc
   grep      Print lines matching a pattern
   log       Show commit logs
   show      Show various types of objects
   status    Show the working tree status

grow, mark and tweak your common history
   branch    List, create, or delete branches
   commit    Record changes to the repository
   merge     Join two or more development histories together
   rebase    Reapply commits on top of another base tip
   reset     Reset current HEAD to the specified state
   switch    Switch branches
   tag       Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG

collaborate (see also: git help workflows)
   fetch     Download objects and refs from another repository
   pull      Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch
   push      Update remote refs along with associated objects

'git help -a' and 'git help -g' list available subcommands and some
concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'
to read about a specific subcommand or concept.
See 'git help git' for an overview of the system.

COMPREHENSIVE LIST OF GIT COMMANDS

$ git help -a
See 'git help <command>' to read about a specific subcommand

Main Porcelain Commands
   add                     Add file contents to the index
   am                      Apply a series of patches from a mailbox
   archive                 Create an archive of files from a named tree
   bisect                  Use binary search to find the commit that introduced a bug
   branch                  List, create, or delete branches
   bundle                  Move objects and refs by archive
   checkout                Switch branches or restore working tree files
   cherry-pick             Apply the changes introduced by some existing commits
   citool                  Graphical alternative to git-commit
   clean                   Remove untracked files from the working tree
   clone                   Clone a repository into a new directory
   commit                  Record changes to the repository
   describe                Give an object a human readable name based on an available ref
   diff                    Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc
   fetch                   Download objects and refs from another repository
   format-patch            Prepare patches for e-mail submission
   gc                      Cleanup unnecessary files and optimize the local repository
   gitk                    The Git repository browser
   grep                    Print lines matching a pattern
   gui                     A portable graphical interface to Git
   init                    Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one
   log                     Show commit logs
   maintenance             Run tasks to optimize Git repository data
   merge                   Join two or more development histories together
   mv                      Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink
   notes                   Add or inspect object notes
   pull                    Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch
   push                    Update remote refs along with associated objects
   range-diff              Compare two commit ranges (e.g. two versions of a branch)
   rebase                  Reapply commits on top of another base tip
   reset                   Reset current HEAD to the specified state
   restore                 Restore working tree files
   revert                  Revert some existing commits
   rm                      Remove files from the working tree and from the index
   scalar                  A tool for managing large Git repositories
   shortlog                Summarize 'git log' output
   show                    Show various types of objects
   sparse-checkout         Reduce your working tree to a subset of tracked files
   stash                   Stash the changes in a dirty working directory away
   status                  Show the working tree status
   submodule               Initialize, update or inspect submodules
   switch                  Switch branches
   tag                     Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG
   worktree                Manage multiple working trees

Ancillary Commands / Manipulators
   config                  Get and set repository or global options
   fast-export             Git data exporter
   fast-import             Backend for fast Git data importers
   filter-branch           Rewrite branches
   mergetool               Run merge conflict resolution tools to resolve merge conflicts
   pack-refs               Pack heads and tags for efficient repository access
   prune                   Prune all unreachable objects from the object database
   reflog                  Manage reflog information
   remote                  Manage set of tracked repositories
   repack                  Pack unpacked objects in a repository
   replace                 Create, list, delete refs to replace objects

Ancillary Commands / Interrogators
   annotate                Annotate file lines with commit information
   blame                   Show what revision and author last modified each line of a file
   bugreport               Collect information for user to file a bug report
   count-objects           Count unpacked number of objects and their disk consumption
   diagnose                Generate a zip archive of diagnostic information
   difftool                Show changes using common diff tools
   fsck                    Verifies the connectivity and validity of the objects in the database
   gitweb                  Git web interface (web frontend to Git repositories)
   help                    Display help information about Git
   instaweb                Instantly browse your working repository in gitweb
   merge-tree              Perform merge without touching index or working tree
   rerere                  Reuse recorded resolution of conflicted merges
   show-branch             Show branches and their commits
   verify-commit           Check the GPG signature of commits
   verify-tag              Check the GPG signature of tags
   version                 Display version information about Git
   whatchanged             Show logs with difference each commit introduces

Interacting with Others
   archimport              Import a GNU Arch repository into Git
   cvsexportcommit         Export a single commit to a CVS checkout
   cvsimport               Salvage your data out of another SCM people love to hate
   cvsserver               A CVS server emulator for Git
   imap-send               Send a collection of patches from stdin to an IMAP folder
   p4                      Import from and submit to Perforce repositories
   quiltimport             Applies a quilt patchset onto the current branch
   request-pull            Generates a summary of pending changes
   send-email              Send a collection of patches as emails
   svn                     Bidirectional operation between a Subversion repository and Git

Low-level Commands / Manipulators
   apply                   Apply a patch to files and/or to the index
   checkout-index          Copy files from the index to the working tree
   commit-graph            Write and verify Git commit-graph files
   commit-tree             Create a new commit object
   hash-object             Compute object ID and optionally creates a blob from a file
   index-pack              Build pack index file for an existing packed archive
   merge-file              Run a three-way file merge
   merge-index             Run a merge for files needing merging
   mktag                   Creates a tag object with extra validation
   mktree                  Build a tree-object from ls-tree formatted text
   multi-pack-index        Write and verify multi-pack-indexes
   pack-objects            Create a packed archive of objects
   prune-packed            Remove extra objects that are already in pack files
   read-tree               Reads tree information into the index
   symbolic-ref            Read, modify and delete symbolic refs
   unpack-objects          Unpack objects from a packed archive
   update-index            Register file contents in the working tree to the index
   update-ref              Update the object name stored in a ref safely
   write-tree              Create a tree object from the current index

Low-level Commands / Interrogators
   cat-file                Provide content or type and size information for repository objects
   cherry                  Find commits yet to be applied to upstream
   diff-files              Compares files in the working tree and the index
   diff-index              Compare a tree to the working tree or index
   diff-tree               Compares the content and mode of blobs found via two tree objects
   for-each-ref            Output information on each ref
   for-each-repo           Run a Git command on a list of repositories
   get-tar-commit-id       Extract commit ID from an archive created using git-archive
   ls-files                Show information about files in the index and the working tree
   ls-remote               List references in a remote repository
   ls-tree                 List the contents of a tree object
   merge-base              Find as good common ancestors as possible for a merge
   name-rev                Find symbolic names for given revs
   pack-redundant          Find redundant pack files
   rev-list                Lists commit objects in reverse chronological order
   rev-parse               Pick out and massage parameters
   show-index              Show packed archive index
   show-ref                List references in a local repository
   unpack-file             Creates a temporary file with a blob's contents
   var                     Show a Git logical variable
   verify-pack             Validate packed Git archive files

Low-level Commands / Syncing Repositories
   daemon                  A really simple server for Git repositories
   fetch-pack              Receive missing objects from another repository
   http-backend            Server side implementation of Git over HTTP
   send-pack               Push objects over Git protocol to another repository
   update-server-info      Update auxiliary info file to help dumb servers

Low-level Commands / Internal Helpers
   check-attr              Display gitattributes information
   check-ignore            Debug gitignore / exclude files
   check-mailmap           Show canonical names and email addresses of contacts
   check-ref-format        Ensures that a reference name is well formed
   column                  Display data in columns
   credential              Retrieve and store user credentials
   credential-cache        Helper to temporarily store passwords in memory
See 'git help <command>' to read about a specific subcommand

Main Porcelain Commands
   add                     Add file contents to the index
   am                      Apply a series of patches from a mailbox
   archive                 Create an archive of files from a named tree
See 'git help <command>' to read about a specific subcommand

Main Porcelain Commands
   add                     Add file contents to the index
   am                      Apply a series of patches from a mailbox
   archive                 Create an archive of files from a named tree
   bisect                  Use binary search to find the commit that introduced a bug
   branch                  List, create, or delete branches
   bundle                  Move objects and refs by archive
   checkout                Switch branches or restore working tree files
   cherry-pick             Apply the changes introduced by some existing commits
   citool                  Graphical alternative to git-commit
   clean                   Remove untracked files from the working tree
   clone                   Clone a repository into a new directory
   commit                  Record changes to the repository
   describe                Give an object a human readable name based on an available ref
   diff                    Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc
   fetch                   Download objects and refs from another repository
   format-patch            Prepare patches for e-mail submission
   gc                      Cleanup unnecessary files and optimize the local repository
   gitk                    The Git repository browser
   grep                    Print lines matching a pattern
   gui                     A portable graphical interface to Git
   init                    Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one
   log                     Show commit logs
   maintenance             Run tasks to optimize Git repository data
   merge                   Join two or more development histories together
   mv                      Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink
   notes                   Add or inspect object notes
   pull                    Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch
   push                    Update remote refs along with associated objects
   range-diff              Compare two commit ranges (e.g. two versions of a branch)
   rebase                  Reapply commits on top of another base tip
   reset                   Reset current HEAD to the specified state
   restore                 Restore working tree files
   revert                  Revert some existing commits
   rm                      Remove files from the working tree and from the index
   scalar                  A tool for managing large Git repositories
   shortlog                Summarize 'git log' output
   show                    Show various types of objects
   sparse-checkout         Reduce your working tree to a subset of tracked files
   stash                   Stash the changes in a dirty working directory away
   status                  Show the working tree status
   submodule               Initialize, update or inspect submodules
   switch                  Switch branches
   tag                     Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG
   worktree                Manage multiple working trees
  • Create a suitable (single / multi user) GitHub account online for free.
  • Create a new repository (This is your Remote Repository)
  • Download & install GitHub Desktop on your local machine.
  • Clone the new repository on GitHub (it creates a folder where you can copy all your files just for once. Placing files here doesn’t have to be as per Folder Structure of your Workspace on Visual Studio / Eclipse / IntelliJ or any IDE).
  • Download and install VSC (Visual Studio Code) IDE.
  • Create a file here & save it. (This is your code or text file you want to Version Control).
  • Copy the file (or rather entire working folder) to GitHub cloned repository folder.
  • Open this copied file in VSS.
  • Now you are ready to place it on Remote Server in following steps.
# Now you are ready to place it on Remote Server in following steps.

PS C:\Users\ANUP JANI\Documents\GitHub\myTestRepo> git add one.py
PS C:\Users\ANUP JANI\Documents\GitHub\myTestRepo> git commit one.py 
On branch python
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/python'.

Changes not staged for commit:
  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
  (use "git restore <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
        modified:   sample text file

no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
PS C:\Users\ANUP JANI\Documents\GitHub\myTestRepo> git push
Everything up-to-date
PS C:\Users\ANUP JANI\Documents\GitHub\myTestRepo> 

Working with Repository on Git

# Initializes / Creates a new "unnamed" repository. 
$ git init
Initialized empty Git repository in C:/Users/ANUP JANI/.git/

# Initializes / Creates a new repository with name "gitRepo". 
$ git init gitRepo
Initialized empty Git repository in C:/Users/ANUP JANI/gitRepo/.git/

# Go to that Repository


$ cd gitRepo

# See the content
$ ls


# See the hidden content.
$ ls -a
./  ../  .git/

# View the current status of the repository (if any) in your Git on your local machine.
$ git status
On branch master

No commits yet

nothing to commit (create/copy files and use "git add" to track)

# See commit logs (Shows all commits)

$ git log
commit 3a3be6e74359170d3cdca63f4d70539a93c012eb (HEAD -> master)
Author: anupjani <anupjani@gmail.com>
Date:   Sat Mar 4 10:55:12 2023 +1100

    Fisrt initial commit

ANUP JANI@ANUPJANI MINGW64 ~/gitRepo (master)

Creating Branch on Git

ANUP JANI@ANUPJANI MINGW64 ~/gitRepo (master)
$ git checkout dev
Switched to branch 'dev'
D       readme.txt

ANUP JANI@ANUPJANI MINGW64 ~/gitRepo (dev)
$

Creating branch & Checking out in one go.

# Creating a new branch named anup/gstFeature 
ANUP JANI@ANUPJANI MINGW64 ~/gitRepo (dev)
$ git checkout -b anup/gstFeature
Switched to a new branch 'anup/gstFeature'

ANUP JANI@ANUPJANI MINGW64 ~/gitRepo (anup/gstFeature)
$
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